A Tier III

Suicide.

New York duo · Alan Vega (vocals) and Martin Rev (electronics) · active intermittently 1970–2016 · minimal electronic instrumentation, a Farfisa organ then synthesizer over primitive drum machines, under Vega's rockabilly-derived murmur and scream · among the first acts anywhere to call themselves "punk" · the Bureau files Suicide at Tier III as a cross-tradition precursor anchor

filed under
Proto-punk · synth-punk · minimal electronic · a precursor to electronic, synthpop and industrial music rather than a member of any of them · filed as an influence anchor
A two-man group, Vega and Rev, across five studio albums 1977–2002 · the confrontational early years, the long afterlife as an acknowledged source for much that followed
FormedNew York City, 1970 · Alan Vega (born Boruch Alan Bermowitz) and Martin Rev (Reverby) met through the Art Workers' Coalition; an early guitarist, Paul Liebgott, soon left, leaving the defining duo
The nameTaken from the title of a Ghost Rider comic, "Satan Suicide", a Vega favourite · the band glossed it as society's suicide, with New York collapsing and the Vietnam War on
"Punk" firstAmong the first performers anywhere to advertise their music as "punk" and "punk music mass", around 1970, taking the word from a Lester Bangs article · years before the term attached to guitar bands
ApproachRev's minimal keyboard riffs, a battered Farfisa organ run through effects, later a synthesizer, over primitive drum-machine pulse · Vega's nervy, echo-drenched rockabilly croon and scream on top · a stripped, hypnotic, confrontational sound with no guitars
The performancesEarly Suicide shows were deliberately confrontational and often ended in violence · the duo set out to provoke, and the hostility of audiences became part of the work; the band said even punks hated them
Suicide (1977)The début, on Red Star, produced by Craig Leon and Marty Thau · recorded in four days · contains "Ghost Rider", "Rocket U.S.A." and the harrowing ten-minute "Frankie Teardrop" · later listed among the most influential records of its era
Suicide: Alan Vega and Martin Rev (1980)The second album, on ZE, produced by Ric Ocasek of the Cars · a cleaner, more realised record; Ocasek remained a key ally and gave Rev new equipment to work with
InfluenceA door-opener for the guitar-less synth bands of the 1980s and the electronic dance music of the 1990s · cited by Bruce Springsteen, Spacemen 3, Peaches and many others; a touchstone for synthpop and for the rhythmic, confrontational end of industrial
StatusEnded with Alan Vega's death in 2016 · the catalogue (five studio albums to 2002) and the live recordings remain among the most influential of their era
Filed atartist file · suicide.html · cross-referenced at Cabaret Voltaire, Throbbing Gristle, Skinny Puppy and the H·01 Long Prelude essay

Editorial.

Suicide is a precursor rather than a member of the tradition this archive documents, and the Bureau files the duo at Tier III as a cross-tradition anchor. Alan Vega and Martin Rev built, from 1970, a music with no guitars, no live drums and no precedent: a Farfisa organ and a drum machine under a rockabilly croon, played at confrontational volume to hostile rooms. That sound fed directly into electronic music, synthpop and the rhythmic, aggressive end of industrial, and the form's account needs Suicide as one of its sources. They do not belong to industrial music proper, which is why they are filed as an influence anchor, but the line of descent is real and the Bureau records it.

The duo formed in New York in 1970, when Vega, born Boruch Alan Bermowitz, met Martin Rev through the Art Workers' Coalition. An early guitarist soon left, and the two-man shape that defined the band took hold. The name came from a Ghost Rider comic, "Satan Suicide", and the duo glossed it as a comment on society's self-destruction, with New York collapsing around them and the Vietnam War on. They were also, on the evidence of their own posters, among the first performers anywhere to call their music "punk", taking the word from a Lester Bangs article years before it attached to guitar bands.

The method was minimal and merciless. Rev played simple, hypnotic keyboard riffs on a battered Farfisa organ run through effects, later moving to a synthesizer, over the pulse of a primitive drum machine. Vega delivered a nervy, echo-soaked rockabilly croon that could break into a scream, closer to Gene Vincent than to anything in the rock of the day. There were no guitars and no band in the ordinary sense, just two men, a keyboard and a rhythm box, producing a stripped, unnerving, repetitive sound that nobody else was making in 1970.

The early performances were built to provoke, and they succeeded. Suicide shows were confrontational and often ended in violence, the hostility of the audience absorbed into the work rather than avoided. The band wore that rejection as proof of purpose, observing that even punks hated them. The most extreme statement on record is "Frankie Teardrop", the ten-minute account of a desperate factory worker on the début album, a piece harrowing enough that it is difficult to sit through, and entirely deliberate in that.

Two albums fixed the legacy. Suicide (1977), on Red Star and produced by Craig Leon and Marty Thau, was recorded in four days and panned in the United States on release, though the UK press was warmer; it has since been recognised as one of the most influential records of its era, carrying "Ghost Rider", "Rocket U.S.A." and "Frankie Teardrop". Suicide: Alan Vega and Martin Rev (1980), on ZE and produced by Ric Ocasek of the Cars, was cleaner and in some readings the better-realised record; Ocasek remained one of the band's great allies. Later albums followed at long intervals, but the first two are the documents that matter.

The influence ran wide. Suicide was a door-opener for the guitar-less synth bands of the 1980s and for the electronic dance music of the 1990s, and the list of those who have cited the duo runs from Bruce Springsteen to Spacemen 3 to Peaches. For this archive the relevant line is the one into industrial: the minimal electronic pulse, the confrontational performance and the refusal of rock instrumentation all anticipate the form's rhythmic, aggressive wing, and the Bureau files Suicide as a source for that lineage rather than as part of it.

The Bureau's reading. Suicide is filed at Tier III as a cross-tradition precursor anchor. The duo invented, a decade early, much of what the electronic and industrial undergrounds would later take up: the synth-and-drum-machine minimalism, the confrontational live act, the cold New York menace. They are not an industrial group and the file does not claim them as one; they are filed as one of the form's acknowledged sources, cross-referenced to the first-wave acts that learned from them, and recorded here for the line of descent that runs out of two men and a Farfisa in 1970.

Filed by Bureau editor · VAGO · c. the Tudor era · last revised c. the Holocene

Selected discography.

Discography · studio albums · 1977–20025 entries
YearTitleFormat / noteLabel
1977SuicideLP · débutRed Star · "Ghost Rider", "Frankie Teardrop"; recorded in four days
1980Suicide: Alan Vega and Martin RevLPZE · produced by Ric Ocasek
1988A Way of LifeLPWax Trax! / Chapter 22 · the reunion record
1992Why Be Blue?LPBrake Out · the fourth studio album
2002American SupremeLP · the final albumBlast First / Mute

Cross-references.

ARTAlan Vega · vocalist; the rockabilly croon and scream; d. 2016
ARTMartin Rev · the keyboard-and-drum-machine player of the sound
ARTCabaret Voltaire · Throbbing Gristle · the first-wave acts working a parallel electronic-confrontation line
ARTSkinny Puppy · among the later electronic-industrial acts that drew on the Suicide template
REFRic Ocasek · the Cars; producer of the second album and a key ally
REFRed Star · ZE · Blast First / Mute · the labels across the catalogue
HISH·01 The Long Prelude · the prehistory the Bureau files Suicide's precursor role within

Coda.

Filing held open. The Bureau will close this note when the catalogue settles.